在 CentOS 系统中,更换 YUM 源可以让你从不同的软件仓库获取软件包,以提高软件包的更新速度或扩展可用的软件包范围。以下是更换 YUM 源的步骤,以 CentOS 7 为例:
1. 备份原有的 YUM 源配置文件
在对系统配置文件进行任何修改之前,建议先备份原有的配置文件。这一步可以确保在出现问题时能够快速恢复到原始状态。
sudo mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
2. 选择新的 YUM 源
选择一个稳定且适合你需求的 YUM 源。常见的 YUM 源包括中科大、网易、阿里云等。以下是这些源的地址:
中科大 YUM 源
# 备份当前的 CentOS-Base.repo 文件
sudo mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
# 下载中科大 YUM 源文件
sudo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/repo/epel/CentOS-Base.repo
# 或者,你也可以手动编辑 /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo 文件,添加以下内容:
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
mirrorlist=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
mirrorlist=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#extras
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
mirrorlist=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#plus
[plus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
mirrorlist=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/plus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
网易 YUM 源
# 备份当前的 CentOS-Base.repo 文件
sudo mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
# 下载网易 YUM 源文件
sudo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
# 或者,你也可以手动编辑 /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo 文件,添加以下内容:
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#extras
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#plus
[plus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/plus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
阿里云 YUM 源
# 备份当前的 CentOS-Base.repo 文件
sudo mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
# 下载阿里云 YUM 源文件
sudo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
# 或者,你也可以手动编辑 /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo 文件,添加以下内容:
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - Aliyun
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - Aliyun
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#extras
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - Aliyun
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#plus
[plus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - Aliyun
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/plus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
3. 清除 YUM 缓存并生成新的缓存
完成上述步骤后,需要清除原有的 YUM 缓存并生成新的缓存。
sudo yum clean all # 清除缓存
sudo yum makecache # 生成新的缓存
4. 验证新的 YUM 源是否生效
可以通过以下命令验证新的 YUM 源是否生效:
sudo yum repolist
如果显示的源地址是新的 YUM 源地址,则说明更换成功。